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In Re Senator Henry Cabot Lodge. 



SOME OF THE RECORD OF HENRY CABOT LODGE. 
UNITED STATES SENATOR FROM MASSA- 
CHUSETTS. DURING THE 59TH AND 60TH 
CONGRESSES, WITH REFERENCE TO 
LABOR AND HUMANITARIAN 

LEGISLATION. , , -. 

^gth Congress, ist Session., December 4th, 190^, to June 30, 

igo6. 

Some of the Bills Senator Lodge introduced in the Senate. 

S. 6yi. To regulate the employment of Child Labor. Re- 
ferred to the Committee on Education and Labor, of which 
Mr. Lodge was not a member. Reported back adversely. 
Action indefinitely postponed. Congressional Record, pp. 7126. 
(Only bill of its kind introduced in the Senate, ist session of 
59th Congress). 

S. 695. To Increase Pensions of .\rmy Nurses. Cong. Rec, 
pp. 150. 

S. 696. To Prevent the Desecration of the United States 
Flag. Cong. Rec, pp. 150. First referred to the Committee on 
[udiciary, of which Mr. Lodge was not a member. Later, 
"reference changed to Committee on Military AiTairs, of which 
Mr. Lodge was a member. Pp. 3716, Cong. Rec. 

(This Bill was introduced and became a Law at the next 
session). 

S. 1027. To further regulate undesirable immigration. 
Cong. Rec. pp. 221. 

S. 1028. To further regulate undesirable immigration. 
Cong. Rec, pp. 221. 

(Both of the above ihlls were referred to the Committee on 
Immigration, of which :\Ir. Lodge was a member. These Bills 
were considered for some time and parts of them incorporated 



r/J^' 



into a new comprehensive Immigration Act (S. 4403), which 
did not contain his reading and writing test provision. Mr. 
Lodge, on May 23rd, 1906, offered as an amendment his read- 
ing and writing provision, which was adopted and the Bill passed 
the Senate. This was the sixth time that Mr. Lodge had secured 
the passage of this Test through the Senate. It was stricken out 
in conference during the next session, as the result of the House 
having, by a narrow majority, substituted an Investigation 
Comrnission to study the question. Mr. Lodge was appointed 
on this Commission, which after four years of investigation 
and the expenditure of almost $1,000,000 unanimously reported 
in favor of curbing the present enormous influx of unskilled 
cheap labor, that comes merely to save by parsimonious eco- 
nomy and then to return to its native land with its hoardings. 
Eight of the nine Commissioners, including Mr. Lodge, recom- 
mended the enactment of the reading and writing test, as "the 
most feasible method of excluding undesirable immigration." 

S. 1029. Naturalization Law, pp. 221, Congressional Record. 
Referred to Senate Immigration Committee, of which Senator 
Lodge is a member, and which reported in June a new com- 
prehensive Naturalization Act along the lines of Senator 
Lodge's Bill. The House passed the measure first, partly 
through the efforts of Congressman Gardner, who has always 
been a member of the House Immigration Committee. The 
Senate subsequently reported the House Bill, which became a 
law in June 1906. 

S. 1346. To Fix Pay of Customs Inspectors, pp. 272. Con. 
Rec. 

S. 3420. To Fix Pay of Customs Inspectors, pp. 1213. 
Cong. Rec. 

S. 4970- To Regulate Commutation of United States Pris- 
oners for Good Conduct, pp. 3571, Cong. Rec. 

S. 5750. To Preserve Niagara Falls, pp. 5363, Cong. Rec. 
(Compromise between this Bill and IT. R. 18,024 became a 
law), pp. 9807, Cong. Rec. 

S. 6091. To Regulate the Licen.sing of Plumbers. Gas- 
fitters, Fixture Hangers. Etc.. in D. of C, pp. 6550. Cong. Rec. 

Some of the Remarks and Sfeeches Delivered by Senator 

Lodi^e ill the Senate diiriito^ the ist Session of the 

fiQth Cons^ress. 

He spoke in favor of : 

Employer's Liability, pp. 1743, Cong. Rec. 

Immigration Regnlation. ])]). J22y-J27,^. 7280. 7287-7290. 



3 

On May 23rd, i()o6 (pp. 7300, Cons'. Rcc), when a move was 
made whicli would have weakened and made easy the evasion 
of the Contract Lahor provision, which had heen strengthened 
hy the Senate Committee in its Bill ( S. 4403), by allowing the 
importation of Contract Laborers purporting to come as "agri- 
cultural laborers," Senator Lodge said, among other things: 

"The object of the Contract Labor Law is to shut out 
the im]K)rtation of large bodies of cheap labor. I would 
rather see every exception wiped from the Statute Books 
than this exception incorporated. The Contract Labor 
Laws of today are ineffective enough. They are the most 
valuable part of existing laws, in my judgment, but are 
sadly ineffective owing to the difficulty of finding evidence, 
and carrying on prosecutions. If we should except agri- 
cultural laborers (from its provisions as proposed by Sen- 
ators Bacon, Clay and others) we might as well abolish 
the Contract Labor Laws altogether, in my judgment." 

The amendment was defeated. The attempt, however, to 
tack it on to the Bill was renewed again in February, and 
fought successfully by Senator Lodge. The Immigration Bill 
( S. 4403) became a law February 20th, 1907. It raised addi- 
tional funds for the better enforcement of the law and for the 
better care and treatment of immigrants awaiting inspection, 
excluded imbeciles, certain insane persons and other undesir- 
ables ; provided for an investigating commission and required 
better steerage conditions. 

(Senator Lodge's immigration speech of March i6th, 1896, 
LT. S. S., is regarded by students of the question and labor 
leaders as one of the ablest arguments ever made for the pro- 
tection of the American laboring man, whether native or for- 
eign born, against the ruinious competition of foreign cheap 
labor, by means of the reading and writing and other tests.) 

(Another speech of Senator Lodge equally able was de- 
livered before the Boston City Club, at Boston, Mass., on 
^ larch 20th, 1908, and has been printed as Sen. Doc. No. 423, 
60th Cong., 1st Ses.) 

Pure Food. Pp. IT32. Cong. Rec. : Railroad Rate Legisla- 
tion: Meat Inspection. Vps. 8767-8769, Cong. Rec. 

Etc.. Etc. 

Senator Lodge was the administration's spokesman all 
during this and the next Congress, on the floor of the Senate 
and furthered all of President Roosevelts' progressive measures. 



fipth Congress, 2nd Session. December jrd, i()o6 to 
March 4th, 190J. 

Some Bills introduced : 

S. 6730. To Regulate Child Labor in the District of Colum- 
bia, pp. 53, Cong. Rec. (As noted above, provisions of Senator 
Lodge's Bill, together with Senator Beveridge's Bill, subse- 
quently became law). (Mr. Lodge was not a member of the 
Senate Committee to which his Bill had to be referred; but 
Senator Beveridge was Chairman ) . ( Senator Lodge also intro- 
duced an amendment to this Act ). 

S. 5083. To remedy defects in and increase airspace in the 
steerage of immigrant-carrying vessels. In 1907, Senator 
Lodge, as one of the conferees, secured the insertion of Section 
42, of the Act of February 20, 1907 — a section drawn by the 
United States Commissioner of Navigation at the Senator's 
rec|uest and which was aimed at remedying the intolerable 
steerage conditions, or "Inferno of the third class." S. 5083 
cured certain defects in that law, becoming a law December 
16, 1908. 

Sonie of the Remarks and Speeches Delivered by Senator Lodge 

in the Senate During the 2nd Session of the f,gth 

Congress. 

He spoke /;; favor of : 

Child Labor Legislation. Pp. 197-199. 200-204, Cong. Rec. 
Food Standards or Pure Pood. Pp. 3641-3643, Cong. Rec. 
Contract Labor Laze and Immigration Lec/islation, February 
12 to 17th, 1907. 

Hours of Service Legislation. Pps. 821, 824, 888, 990, 
Cong. Rec. 

For instance, in sup]->ort of Senator Dolliver's contention, he 
said : 

"I wish to ask the Senator if he noticed the statement 
of the engineer of the freight or equipment train, which ran 
into a passenger train here at Terra Cotta, just outside the 
city, causing frightful disaster? If I remember his state- 
ment correctly, he had been on duty from 9 o'clock Friday 
morning — for a period of more than 48 hours — until the 
time of the accident. * * * He had only two periods 
of .sleep of four hours each." 

(Senator Lodge voted against substituting the La Fol- 
lette "Hours of Service Bill" for the Senate Committee 
Bill, which was done, however ; voted against an amend- 



inent suhslilutiiii;- ihcrcfor the I '.landci^cc Hill {])]>. 891, 
Coii<^-. Kcc. ) voted for the La FoUette aiiiciulment, which 
carried. Senator Lodge voted also for two other short 
aincndments which failed. Senator Lodge voted in favor 
of the I')ill on its final ])assage jannary 10th, 1907, although 
it did nni contain the two amendments for which he had 
voted and did contain an amendment against which he 
had voted. One Senator voted against it and nineteen are 
recorded as "not voting," there being onlv three ])airs. 

Note. — Senator Lodge's amendment to the Pure Food Law 
was adopted, re(|uiring the amount of opium and alcohol to be 
printed on the wrapper and label. 

Note. — Senator Lodge voted against the return of the "army 
canteen." 

60th Congress, ist Session, Deeeiiiber Jci, n)oj , to May ji, 

i(j()8. 

Some bills introduced by Senator Lodge : 

S. 564. Child Labor. Referred to Cnnimitlee on luluca- 
tion and Laboi", of which Senator Lodge was not a member, 
and of which Senator Beveredge was chairman, pp. 2422 Cong. 
Rec. The committee reported a new Bill, embodying some of 
Senator Lodge's Bill. In the Senate, Mr. Lodge worked 
against and opposed the I'iles and Nelson amendments, which 
labor leaders and settlement workers said would have weak- 
ened the law. 

S. 4122. To Establish an National Training and Industrial 
Institution. 

S. 7005. To Promote Industrial Education. 

S. 6975. To Provide Increased Foi'ce and Salaries in the 
Patent Office. 

Resolution, To Print Certain Imuiigration Statistics. 
■Adopted. 

Etc., etc. 



Some Remarks and Speeches of Senator Lodge During the ist 
Session of the 60th Congress. 

In favor of Automatic Signal Service, i)p. 6736, Cong. Rec. 

In favor of Child Labor Legislation, pp. 5795-5799- 

In favor of Legislation to Prevent the Desecration of the 
American Flag. (His Bill (S. 565) whose reference had been 
transferred to the Committee on Military Affairs, of which he 
was a member, was reported and passed) pp. 6599, Cong. Rec. 

In favor of Naturalization Law, pp. 4103, Cong. Rec. 



6 

In favor of the needed Increased Pay for Railway Mail 
Clerks. Etc., etc., etc. 



On April 9th, 1908, Senator Lodge failed to vote on Em- 
ployees (Government) Liability Bill, for which he had spoken 
as indicated above, and along whose lines he had introduced a 
bill, having a general pair with Senator Clay, who was in poor 
health and who has since died. As early as the 54th Congress 
Senator Lodge introduced a Bill (S. 141 5) "To Regulate the 
Liability of Employers": a Bill (S. 1416) "To Protect the 
Wages of Employees;" ( S. 1417, "To Regulate the Employ- 
ment of Labor on Public Works, Buildings and Grounds." He 
says that his failure to vote on April 9th, 1908, was due to his 
absence from Washington for a number of days at that time 
owing to the illness and death of his sister. The Congressional 
Record shows he was away several days at this time. (His 
absence from the Senate is rare.) 



60th Congress, 2nd Session, December Itli, ipo8-March 
4th, ipop. 

Some Bills introduced : 

S. 8025. Granting 30 days Leave with Pay to Govern- 
ment Employees in Arsenals. Referred to Committee on 
Military Affairs. 

S- 8397. To Authorize Maintenance of Action for 
Causing Death in Marine Service. Pp. 792, Cong. Rec. 
(Referred to Committee, which reported it favorably. De- 
bate unfinished). 

S. 8021. To Prohibit Importation and Use of Opium. 
Reported. Speech of Senator Lodge, pp. 1396- 1399. 
Passed Senate, pp. 1400. 

Etc., etc. 

6ist Congress, 2nd Session. 

Note. — It was Senator Lodge's amendment which included 
Pipe Lines of the Standard Oil Company in the Railroad Rate 
Law as Common Carriers, thereby bringing them under the 
control of the federal government. 

N^ofc. — Senator Lodge rcjxjrted from his Committee on Im- 
migration, H. R. 12315, with majority report. There was great 
0])position to this White Slave Traffic Act, which was drawn 
by certain United States District Attorneys, who were engaged 
in the prosecution of the white slaves as a result of the Immi- 



gration Commission's investigations (Mr. Lodge was a member 
of this Commission). The iJill was hung up in the I louse for 
weeks and debated at great length, finally passing. A weak and 
inelYectual bill was passed, which almost served the jnu'pose of 
side-tracking this efficiently drawn bill. On the last day of the 
session Senator Lodge called up the really effective bill in the 
face of objection and secured its passage (Cong. Rec, ])p. 8939, 
9507). It is Public Statute No. 886 and the only really scien- 
tifically drawn White Slave Law that has ever passed Congress. 

Note. — Senator Lodge worked for the Bill which passed, 
making Common Carriers, that is Railroads, liable to employees 
for injuries in certain cases wdiere they could not recover under 
the fellow-servant rule. 

Note. — Senator Lodge favored and worked for the Uill, 11. R. 
20310, extending the liability of Common Carriers. He failed 
to vote on this measure April 22nd, 1908, having a general pair 
with Senator Clay, whose health was poor and who was against 
the Bill because it would, in his opinion, infringe and invade 
the rights of the States and would operate, in his opinion, to 
suspend the Georgia Statute. (Cong. Rec, pp. 4538). He did 
vote for H. R. 17263, April ist, 1910, which cured a serious 
defect in H. R. 20300 in regard to the "survival of the right of 
action," and had a somewhat bitter dispute in the Senate that 
day with Senator Hale, who was fighting the bill, over getting 
an immediate vote (Cong. Rec., pp. 4204). 

Note. — Senator Lodge was ill at home the day the Hughes' 
Amendment was voted upon and under a doctor's care and did 
not know^ it was coming up, June 2nd, 1910. The Congres- 
sional Record shows that he was absent and paired. He would 
have voted "Nay." 

NOTES IN GENERAL. 

Senator Lodge, when a member of the ITotise, wrote the first 
magazine article that appeared in favor of uniform brakes, 
patent automatic couplers, etc. Tt was entitled "A Perilous 
Business and Its Remedy," and is to be found in the North 
American for February, 1892. 

On July 2d, 1894, he got his Bill up and secured its passage 
to remove the Statute of Limitations in so far as it prevented 
laborers, mechanics, etc.. recovering under the Eight Hour 
Law. 

The following C|Uotation which is an extract from a speech 
that he delivered in New York City, Dcccmljer 22(1, 1884, is 



8 

almost ])n)i)hetic. It is taken from the first speech in a vohime 
entitled, "Speeches and Addresses of Henry Cabot Lodge," 
published by Houghton, Mifflin and Co., and represents the 
stand which he has consistently taken throughout his long 
career as a public servant. 

"The destiny of the Republic is in the welfare of its 
working men and women. We cannot push their troubles 
and cares into the background and trust that all will come 
right in the end. Let us look to it that differences and ine- 
qualities of conditions do not widen into ruin. It is most 
true that these differences cannot be rooted out but they 
can be modified and a great deal can be done to secure to 
every man the share of well-being and happiness to which 
his honesty, thrift and ability entitle him. Legislation 
cannot change humanity nor alter the decrees of nature ; 
but it can help the solution of these great problems. 

"Practical measures are plentiful enough; the hours of 
labor ; emigration from our over-crowded cities to the 
lands of the West ; economical and energetic municipal 
governments ; proper building laws ; the rigid prevention 
of adulteration of the great staples of food ; wise regula- 
tion of the railroads and other great corporations ; the ex- 
tirpation cf race and class in politics ; above all, every 
effort to secure to labor its fair and full share of the profits 
earned by the combination of labor and capital. Here are 
matters of great pith and moment, more important, more 
essential, more pressmg than any others. They must be 
met, they cannot be shirked or evaded." 

In Senator Lodge's speech on the Regulation of Immigration, 
March i6th, 1896, delivered in the Senate of the United States, 
among other things, he said : 

"1 have said enough to show what the effects of this 
liill (which contained the reading and writing test just re- 
commended by the Immigration Commission and endorsed 
by the American Federation of Labor) would be and that 
if enacted into law it would be fair in its operation and 
highly beneficial in its results. It now remains for me to 
discuss the second and larger question as to the advisability 
of restricting immigration at all. There is no one thing 
which does so much to bring about a reduction of wages 
and to injure the American wage-earner as the unlimited 
introduction of cheap foreign labor through unrestricted 
immigration. Statistics show that the change in the char- 
acter of our immigration has been accompanied by a cor- 



responding- decline in its (|ua]it\'. Tlic numlicr of skilled 
mechanics and of the i)ersons trained to some occnpation 
or pursnit has fallen off while the nnmber of those with- 
ont occnpation or training — that is, who arc totally un- 
skilled, has risen in onr recent immigration to enormous 
proportions. This low, un-skilled labor is the most deadly 
enemy of the American wage-earner and does more than 
anything else toward lowering his wages and forcing 
down his standard of living. An attempt was made with 
the general assent of both political parties to meet this cry- 
ing evil by the ])assage of what are known as contract labor 
laws. That legislation was excellent in intention but has 
proved of but little value in practice. It has checked to a 
certain extent the introduction of cheap low-class labor 
in large masses into the United States. It has made it a 
little more difficult for such labor to come here but 
labor of this class continues to come even if not in the 
same way and the total amount of it has not been material- 
ly reduced. Even if the contract labor laws wei'e enforced 
intelligently and thoroughly there is no reason to suppose 
that tiiev would have any adequate efifect in checking the 
evil which they were designed to stop. It is perfectly clear 
after the experience of several years fhat the only relief 
which can come to the American wage-earner from the 
competition of low-class immigrant labor must be by gen- 
eral laws restricting the total amount of immigration and 
framed in such a way as to afTect most strongly those ele- 
ments of immigration which furnish the low, unskilled and 
ignorant foreign labor. 

"It is not necessary to enter further into a discussion of 
the economic side of the general policy of restricting immi- 
gration. In this direction the argument is unanswerable. 
If we have any regard for the welfare, the wages or the 
standards of life of American working men we should take 
immediate steps to restrict foreign immigration. There is 
an appalling danger to the American wage-earner from the 
flood of low, unskilled, ignorant foreign labor which has 
poured into the countrv for some years past and which not 
only takes lower wages but accepts a standard of life and 
living so low that the American working man cannot com- 
pete with it." 

Extracts from the conclusion and rcconnncndations (a forty 
pao-e summarv of a fortv volume report) of the L'nited States 
Immigration 'Commission, of which Senator Lodge was a 
memllcr; (Senate Document 680. 6ist Congress, 3d Session) : 



10 

"The investigations of the Commission show an over- 
supply of unskilled labor in basic industries * * * * 
as a whole and therefore demand legislation which will at 
the present time restrict the further admission of such un- 
skilled labor." 

"As far as possible the aliens excluded should be those 
^ho * * * "^^ come merely to save enough by the 
adoption, if necessary, of low standards of living to return 
permanently to their home country * * * *. A ma- 
jority of the Commission favor the reading and writing 
test as the most feasible single method of restricting un- 
desirable immigration. The Commission as a whole re- 
commends restriction as demanded by economic, moral and 
social considerations, furnishes in its report reasons for 
such restrictions and points out methods by which Con- 
gress can obtain the desired results if its judgment coin- 
sides with that of the Commission." (The report of forty 
volumes is conclusive and renders conclusions and reconi 
mendations other than those of the Commission absolutely 
inevitable. It is right in line as is the Senator's stand 
with the attitude of both political parties as declared in 
their past national olatforms, the resolutions and demands 
of the American Federation of Labor, the Knights of 
Labor, the Railroad Brotherhoods, the patriotic societies, 
boards of charities, etc., etc.) 



(PUBLISHER'S -VOTE;. ^ 

Published by the Xational Legislative Conimitteey of the American 
Purity Federation (Rev. B. S. Steadwell, Presidei/t ; Rev. Floyd W. 
Tompkins, ist Vice-President; Judge Ben B. Lindsey, 2nd Vice-Presi- 
dent) ; J. H. Patten, Ciiairman, Room 50, Bliss Building. Washington. 
J). C. We must be luyal to our friends. The cause of progressive 
purity legislation has no licttcr friend or more effective champion than 
Senator Lodge. This publication is issued without any suggestion, direct 
or indirect, or even knowledge on his p.nrt so far as the Federation 
knows, and is entirely of its own free notion and motion, with a single 
view to trying to refute misrepresentations of the great work he has 
done here against the adulteration of foods, the white slave tralTic, the 
unhealthy, unsanitary and immoral conditions existing un some of the 
transatlantic steamships, the importation and use of o])ium, child labor, 
and the many otiier pieces of legislation in whicii he has always 
industriously and ]);itrioticall}' interested himself so effectivel}'. It is 
not strange that the oiii)osiiion to these and other reforms should 
subtlely, insidiously, and more or less plausibly stir up much opposi- 
tion to the Senator's re-election in one ingenious way or another, as they 
are the most resourceful influence th.it makes itself felt here in 
Washington. Mr. H. R Wills, who is the Xational representative 
of all the organized railroad men of the countrv. \oices the universal 
sentiment when he says that Senator Lodge has always been 
absolutely fair and square witli tlieni in nialters of legi'-Iation. and that 
he will welcome his re-election. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



III 



013 787 764 8 






12 



The following editorial appeared in the Washing ton Post. 
December 13, 1910. The Post is the leading daily in Washing- 
ton, D. C, is Democratic in politics, and is really owned b>' 
:\Ir! John R. AIcLean, for sometime Democratic candidate for 
election to the United States Senate before the present Ohio 



Legislature. 



HENRY CABOT LODGE. 



With the retirement of Senators Aldrich and Hale, on March 4 
next. Henrv Cabot Lodge, of Massachusetts, will rank fourth m 
length of continuous service in the Senate. He is next to Senators 
Frye, Cullom, and Gallinger, having begun his service March 4, 
1893.' He was prominent from the tirst, as he had already served 
Massachusetts with exceptional ability for four terms in the House 
of Representatives. Mr. Lodge's usefulness to the country has 
steadily increased, and he now stands in the very hrst rank of 
American statesmen. 

When the late William B. Allison was confronted with some 
opposition in Iowa, and it appeared possible that local differences 
might bring about his retirement from the Senate, The Post sug- 
gested that the people of Iowa should give due consideration U> 
Their national as well as local duties in connection with the senator- 
ship. Senator Allison was no longer an lowan, but an American, 
doing a work in behalf of all the people, for which he had become 
peculiarly fitted. The people of Iowa recognized this fact, and 
returned him to the place where he belonged. 

Everything then said in regard to Senator Allison applies to 
Senator Lodge now. The State of Massachusetts is strong in the 
national councils by reason of his long and honorable career. He 
serves the country, as well as Massachusetts and Xew England. 
The country has a" right to ask that senators who have reached high 
places shall be kept where their experience and ability can be exer- 
cised for the general welfare. 

Xew England has held a commanding position in Congress by 
reason of the long service and high character of her representatives 
in the Senate and House. This position will be materially weak- 
ened by the retirement of Senators Aldrich and Hale. It would 
be a mistake on the part of ^Massachusetts to impair the strength 
of its delegation by retiring Senator Lodge. No successor, how- 
ever prominent locahy, or however able, could hope to reach the 
place occupied by Mr' Lodge without serving an equal number of 
years, and during the interval strong men from other sections 
would be coming to the front. 

The interest of Massachusetts, Xew England, and the country 
at large will be furthered by the re-election of Senator Henry 
Cabot Lodge. 



